Chapter 1 – Offences Against the Human Body (Homicide)

1. Murder

• IPC Section 302 → Punishment for Murder

  Whoever commits murder shall be punished with death, or imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.

• BNS Section 101 → Murder

  Same wording: Whoever commits murder shall be punished with death or imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.

2. Culpable Homicide not amounting to Murder

• IPC Section 304 → Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder

  Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment up to 10 years + fine, depending on intention/knowledge.

• BNS Section 104 → Culpable homicide not amounting to murder

  Whoever commits culpable homicide not amounting to murder shall be punished with life imprisonment, or imprisonment up to 10 years + fine.

3. Attempt to Murder

• IPC Section 307 → Attempt to Murder

  Whoever does an act with such intention or knowledge, that if death were caused he would be guilty of murder, shall be punished with imprisonment up to 10 years + fine; if hurt is caused, imprisonment may extend to life imprisonment.

• BNS Section 109 → Attempt to Murder

  Same definition. Punishment up to 10 years + fine; if hurt is caused, life imprisonment may be given.

4. Causing Death by Negligence

• IPC Section 304A → Causing death by negligence

  Whoever causes the death of any person by a rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide, shall be punished with imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 106 → Causing death by negligence

  Same provision. Punishment up to 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

5. Dowry Death

• IPC Section 304B → Dowry Death

  Where the death of a woman is caused by burns, bodily injury, or unnatural circumstances within 7 years of marriage, and she was subjected to cruelty or harassment in relation to demand for dowry, husband/relatives shall be punished with imprisonment of not less than 7 years, which may extend to life.

• BNS Section 80 → Dowry Death

  Same wording, but clarified with more victim-centric language. Punishment: 7 years to life imprisonment.

  ? Chapter 2 – Sexual Offences (Against Women & Children)

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  1. Rape

• IPC Section 375–376 → Rape & Punishment for Rape

  Defines rape as sexual intercourse against the will/without consent of a woman.
  Punishment (Sec. 376): Not less than 7 years, may extend to life imprisonment, and fine.

• BNS Sections 63–70 → Rape & Sexual Offences

  Expanded definition: includes digital penetration, broader definition of consent, protection for minors.
  Punishment: Not less than 10 years, which may extend to life imprisonment, and fine.
  Aggravated cases (custodial rape, gang rape, offences against minors): punishment may include death penalty.

• ---

  2. Sexual Harassment

• IPC Section 354A → Sexual Harassment

  Any unwelcome physical contact, demand for sexual favours, showing pornography, or sexually coloured remarks.
  Punishment: 1–3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 74 → Sexual Harassment

  Same acts covered, with expanded scope for electronic communication/online harassment.
  Punishment: Up to 3 years imprisonment + fine.

• ---

  3. Assault or Criminal Force to Woman with Intent to Outrage Modesty

• IPC Section 354 → Outraging Modesty of Woman

  Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any woman intending to outrage her modesty shall be punished with 1–5 years imprisonment + fine.

• BNS Section 73 → Assault to Outrage Modesty

  Similar wording; punishment: 1–5 years imprisonment + fine.

• ---

  4. Voyeurism

• IPC Section 354C → Voyeurism

  Watching or capturing image of a woman engaging in private act without consent.
  Punishment: 1–3 years for first offence, 3–7 years for repeat offence.

• BNS Section 75 → Voyeurism

  Same definition; punishment unchanged.

• 5. Stalking

• IPC Section 354D → Stalking

  Following a woman, contacting repeatedly, monitoring internet/email without consent.
  Punishment: Up to 3 years + fine (first offence), 5 years + fine (repeat offence).

• BNS Section 76 → Stalking

  Same wording, includes cyberstalking.
  Punishment: 3 years + fine (first), 5 years + fine (repeat).

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  6. Acid Attacks

• IPC Sections 326A, 326B → Acid Attack and Attempt

  Punishment: 10 years to life imprisonment + fine for medical expenses.

• BNS Sections 124–125 → Acid Attack and Attempt

  Same provisions; punishment: 10 years to life imprisonment, fine to cover victim’s medical treatment.

  ? Chapter 3 – Offences Against Property

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  1. Theft

• IPC Section 378 → Theft

  Whoever dishonestly takes movable property out of possession of another without consent is said to commit theft.
  Punishment (IPC 379): Imprisonment up to 3 years, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 303 → Theft

  Same definition as IPC.
  Punishment: Imprisonment up to 3 years, or fine, or both.

• ---

  2. Extortion

• IPC Section 383 → Extortion

  Whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of injury, and thereby dishonestly induces the person to deliver property.
  Punishment (IPC 384): Up to 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 308 → Extortion

  Same provision; punishment up to 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  3. Robbery

• IPC Section 390 → Robbery

  Theft or extortion becomes robbery when violence or threat is used.
  Punishment (IPC 392): Rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years + fine.

• BNS Section 309 → Robbery

  Same definition.
  Punishment: Rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years + fine.

• ---

  4. Dacoity

• IPC Section 391 → Dacoity

  When five or more persons commit or attempt to commit robbery, it is dacoity.
  Punishment (IPC 395): Imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years + fine.

• BNS Section 311 → Dacoity

  Same definition.
  Punishment: Life imprisonment, or rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years + fine.

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  5. Criminal Misappropriation of Property

• IPC Section 403 → Dishonest Misappropriation

  Dishonestly misappropriating or converting property to one’s own use.
  Punishment: Imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 314 → Dishonest Misappropriation

  Same provision.
  Punishment: Up to 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  6. Criminal Breach of Trust

• IPC Section 405–409 → Criminal breach of trust

  Dishonest misappropriation/ conversion of property entrusted to a person.
  Punishment (IPC 406): Imprisonment up to 3 years + fine.
  IPC 409 (by banker, merchant, agent): Life imprisonment or 10 years + fine.

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  7. Cheating

• IPC Section 415–420 → Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property

  Whoever cheats and dishonestly induces a person to deliver property or valuable security.
  Punishment (IPC 420): Imprisonment up to 7 years + fine.

• BNS Section 316 → Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery

  Same wording.
  Punishment: Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine.

• ---

  8. Mischief

• IPC Section 425–440 → Mischief

  Causing wrongful loss or damage to another by destroying or changing property.
  Punishment (IPC 426): Imprisonment up to 3 months, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 322 → Mischief

  Same definition.
  Punishment: Imprisonment up to 3 months, or fine, or both.

  ? Chapter 4 – Offences Against the State & Public Order

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  1. Waging War Against the Government of India

• IPC Section 121 → Waging war against the Government of India

  Whoever wages war, or attempts to wage war, or abets the waging of war against the Government of India shall be punished with death, or imprisonment for life, and fine.

• BNS Section 147 → Waging war against the Government of India

  Same provision.
  Punishment: Death penalty, or life imprisonment, and fine.

• ---

  2. Conspiracy to Wage War

• IPC Section 121A → Conspiracy to commit offences against the State

  Conspiring to commit offences punishable under Section 121, or conspiring to overawe Government by criminal force.
  Punishment: Imprisonment for life, or up to 10 years + fine.

• BNS Section 148 → Conspiracy to wage war

  Same wording.
  Punishment: Life imprisonment, or up to 10 years + fine.

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  3. Sedition

• IPC Section 124A → Sedition

  Whoever by words, signs, visible representation, etc., brings or attempts to bring hatred or contempt against Government shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or up to 3 years + fine.

• BNS – Repealed

  Sedition under IPC 124A has been removed in BNS.
  Instead, new provisions cover “Acts endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India” (BNS Section 150–152).
  Punishment: Life imprisonment or up to 7 years + fine.

• ---

  4. Collecting Arms with Intent to Wage War

• IPC Section 122 → Collecting arms with intention of waging war

  Punishable with life imprisonment or 10 years + fine.

• BNS Section 149 → Collecting arms with intention of waging war

  Same provision.
  Punishment: Life imprisonment, or up to 10 years + fine.

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  5. Assault on President, Governor, etc.

• IPC Section 124 → Assaulting President/Governor with intent to compel or restrain lawful power

  Punishable with imprisonment for life, or up to 7 years + fine.

• BNS Section 153 → Assault on President/Governor, etc.

  Same provision.
  Punishment: Life imprisonment, or up to 7 years + fine.

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  6. Unlawful Assembly

• IPC Section 141 → Unlawful Assembly

  When 5 or more persons assemble with a common object to use force or commit offences, it is unlawful.

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  7. Rioting

• IPC Section 146–148 → Rioting

  When unlawful assembly uses force/violence, every member guilty of rioting.
  Punishment: Up to 2 years, or fine, or both.

• BNS Sections 189–190 → Rioting

  Same provision.
  Punishment: Up to 2 years, or fine, or both.

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  8. Affray

• IPC Section 159–160 → Affray

  When two or more persons disturb public peace by fighting, it is affray.
  Punishment: Imprisonment up to 1 month, or fine up to ?100, or both.

• BNS Section 193 → Affray

  Same definition.
  Punishment: Up to 1 month, or fine, or both.

•  

• BNS Section 187 → Unlawful Assembly

  Same definition.
  Punishment (BNS 188 = IPC 143): Imprisonment up to 6 months, or fine, or both.

•  

• BNS Sections 315–321 → Criminal breach of trust

  Same provisions, grouped under one chapter.
  Punishment: Same as IPC (3 years, 10 years, or life depending on offender).

  ? Chapter 5 – Offences Relating to Religion & Public Morality

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  1. Injuring or Defiling Place of Worship

• IPC Section 295 → Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult religion

  Whoever destroys, damages, or defiles any place of worship, or sacred object, with intent to insult religion shall be punished with imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 298 → Injuring or defiling place of worship

  Same definition.
  Punishment: Up to 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• ---

  2. Acts Outraging Religious Feelings

• IPC Section 295A → Deliberate acts to outrage religious feelings

  Whoever, with deliberate and malicious intention, insults religion or religious beliefs, shall be punished with up to 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 298(2) → Acts outraging religious feelings

  Same wording.
  Punishment: Up to 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• ---

  3. Disturbing Religious Assembly

• IPC Section 296 → Disturbing religious assembly

  Whoever voluntarily causes disturbance to any lawful religious assembly shall be punished with up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 299 → Disturbing religious assembly

  Same provision.
  Punishment: Up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  4. Trespassing on Burial Places

• IPC Section 297 → Trespass in burial places

  Whoever trespasses in burial places, or offers indignity to human corpse, with intent to wound religious feelings, shall be punished with up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 300 → Trespassing burial places, indignity to corpse

  Same wording.
  Punishment: Up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• 5. Uttering Words with Intent to Hurt Religious Feelings

• IPC Section 298 → Uttering words with intent to wound religious feelings

  Whoever, with deliberate intent, utters any word or makes any sound or gesture to wound religious feelings shall be punished with up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 301 → Uttering words with intent to hurt religion

  Same provision.
  Punishment: Up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  6. Obscenity (Public Morality)

• IPC Section 292–294 → Sale, distribution, or exhibition of obscene material

  Whoever sells, distributes, or publicly exhibits obscene content.
  Punishment: Imprisonment up to 2 years + fine (first conviction), 5 years + fine (subsequent).

• BNS Sections 182–183 → Obscenity and indecent acts

  Broader scope (includes online/ digital content).
  Punishment: Same as IPC – 2 years (first offence), 5 years (repeat offence).

  ? Chapter 5 – Offences Relating to Religion & Public Morality

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  1. Injuring or Defiling Place of Worship

• IPC Section 295 → Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult religion

  Whoever destroys, damages, or defiles any place of worship, or sacred object, with intent to insult religion shall be punished with imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 298 → Injuring or defiling place of worship

  Same definition.
  Punishment: Up to 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• ---

  2. Acts Outraging Religious Feelings

• IPC Section 295A → Deliberate acts to outrage religious feelings

  Whoever, with deliberate and malicious intention, insults religion or religious beliefs, shall be punished with up to 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 298(2) → Acts outraging religious feelings

  Same wording.
  Punishment: Up to 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• ---

  3. Disturbing Religious Assembly

• IPC Section 296 → Disturbing religious assembly

  Whoever voluntarily causes disturbance to any lawful religious assembly shall be punished with up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 299 → Disturbing religious assembly

  Same provision.
  Punishment: Up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  4. Trespassing on Burial Places

• IPC Section 297 → Trespass in burial places

  Whoever trespasses in burial places, or offers indignity to human corpse, with intent to wound religious feelings, shall be punished with up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 300 → Trespassing burial places, indignity to corpse

  Same wording.
  Punishment: Up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• 5. Uttering Words with Intent to Hurt Religious Feelings

• IPC Section 298 → Uttering words with intent to wound religious feelings

  Whoever, with deliberate intent, utters any word or makes any sound or gesture to wound religious feelings shall be punished with up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 301 → Uttering words with intent to hurt religion

  Same provision.
  Punishment: Up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  6. Obscenity (Public Morality)

• IPC Section 292–294 → Sale, distribution, or exhibition of obscene material

  Whoever sells, distributes, or publicly exhibits obscene content.
  Punishment: Imprisonment up to 2 years + fine (first conviction), 5 years + fine (subsequent).

• BNS Sections 182–183 → Obscenity and indecent acts

  Broader scope (includes online/ digital content).
  Punishment: Same as IPC – 2 years (first offence), 5 years (repeat offence).

  ? Chapter 7 – Offences Relating to Marriage & Family

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  1. Bigamy (Marrying Again During Lifetime of Spouse)

• IPC Section 494 → Bigamy

  Whoever, having a husband or wife living, marries again, such marriage being void, shall be punished with imprisonment up to 7 years + fine.

• BNS Section 82 → Bigamy

  Same definition.
  Punishment: Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine.

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  2. Marrying Again with Concealment of Former Marriage

• IPC Section 495 → Bigamy with concealment

  Whoever commits bigamy by concealing the former marriage shall be punished with up to 10 years imprisonment + fine.

• BNS Section 83 → Bigamy with concealment

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 10 years imprisonment + fine.

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  3. Marriage Fraudulently Gone Through

• IPC Section 496 → Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through

  Whoever dishonestly goes through a marriage ceremony, knowing it is not a lawful marriage, shall be punished with up to 7 years imprisonment + fine.

• ---

  4. Adultery (?? Decriminalised in IPC after SC ruling, but earlier provision)

• IPC Section 497 → Adultery

  A man who has sexual intercourse with the wife of another man without consent of her husband commits adultery. Punishment: up to 5 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS – Omitted

  Adultery is not an offence under BNS (following Supreme Court judgment in Joseph Shine v. Union of India, 2018).

  1. Bigamy

• IPC 494 → Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife.

  Punishment: Up to 7 years + fine.

• BNS 82 → Same definition.

  Punishment: Up to 7 years + fine.

• ---

  2. Bigamy with Concealment

• IPC 495 → Conceals first marriage while marrying again.

  Punishment: Up to 10 years + fine.

• BNS 83 → Same.

  Punishment: 10 years + fine.

• ---

  3. Fraudulent Marriage Ceremony

• IPC 496 → Goes through marriage ceremony dishonestly knowing it is void.

  Punishment: Up to 7 years + fine.

• BNS 84 → Same.

  Punishment: 7 years + fine.

• ---

  4. Adultery

• IPC 497 → Sexual intercourse with wife of another without husband’s consent.

  Punishment: Up to 5 years, or fine, or both.

• BNS – Omitted → ? Adultery decriminalised (SC 2018 – Joseph Shine case).

• 5. Cruelty by Husband or Relatives

• IPC 498A → Subjecting wife to cruelty.

  Punishment: Up to 3 years + fine.

• BNS 85 → Same.

  Punishment: 3 years + fine.

• ---

  6. Enticing or Taking Away a Married Woman

• IPC 498 → Takes/entices married woman with intent of illicit intercourse.

  Punishment: Up to 2 years, or fine, or both.

• BNS 86 → Same.

  Punishment: 2 years, or fine, or both.

  ? Chapter 8 – Offences Against Public Servants & Administration of Justice

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  1. Obstructing a Public Servant

• IPC Section 186 → Obstructing public servant in discharge of duty

  Whoever voluntarily obstructs any public servant in the discharge of his public functions shall be punished with imprisonment up to 3 months, or fine up to ?500, or both.

• BNS Section 222 → Obstructing public servant

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 3 months imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  2. Assault on Public Servant

• IPC Section 353 → Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of duty

  Punishable with imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 225 → Assault on public servant

  Same provision.
  Punishment: 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  3. Bribery / Taking Gratification

• IPC Sections 161–165A → Bribery & Corruption (? later repealed and covered by Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988).

• BNS – Not Included → These provisions are now dealt with separately under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.

• ---

  4. False Evidence

• IPC Section 191 → Giving false evidence

  Whoever, being legally bound to state the truth, makes a false statement.
  Punishment (IPC 193): Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine.

• BNS Section 227 → False evidence

  Same definition.
  Punishment: 7 years imprisonment + fine.

• ---

  5. Fabricating False Evidence

• IPC Section 192 → Fabricating false evidence

  Punishable with same punishment as giving false evidence (up to 7 years + fine).

• BNS Section 228 → Fabricating false evidence

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 7 years imprisonment + fine.

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  6. Contempt of Lawful Authority / Refusing to Sign Statement

• IPC Section 180 → Refusing to sign statement when legally required

  Punishable with imprisonment up to 3 months, or fine, or both.

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  7. Disobedience to Order Promulgated by Public Servant

• IPC Section 188 → Disobedience to order by public servant

  Punishable with simple imprisonment up to 6 months, or fine up to ?1000, or both.

• BNS Section 223 → Disobedience to order

  Same provision.
  Punishment: 6 months imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  8. Giving or Fabricating False Evidence in Capital Cases

• IPC Section 194 → False evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence

  Punishable with death penalty or life imprisonment if an innocent person is executed.

• BNS Section 229 → False evidence in capital cases

  Same wording.
  Punishment: Death penalty or life imprisonment.

   

•  

• BNS Section 220 → Refusing to sign statement

  Same.
  Punishment: 3 months imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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•  

• BNS Section 84 → Fraudulent marriage ceremony

  Same provision.
  Punishment: 7 years imprisonment + fine.

  ? Chapter 9 – Offences Affecting Public Health, Safety, Convenience & Decency

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  1. Public Nuisance

• IPC Section 268 → Public nuisance

  Any act or omission causing common injury, danger, or annoyance to public, or which must necessarily cause injury/annoyance to the public.
  Punishment (IPC 290): Fine up to ?200.

• BNS Section 277 → Public nuisance

  Same definition.
  Punishment: Fine up to ?200.

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  2. Negligent Acts Likely to Spread Infection

• IPC Section 269 → Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life

  Punishment: Imprisonment up to 6 months, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 278 → Negligent act spreading infection

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 6 months, or fine, or both.

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  3. Malignant Act Likely to Spread Infection

• IPC Section 270 → Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life

  Punishment: Up to 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 279 → Malignant act spreading infection

  Same.
  Punishment: 2 years, or fine, or both.

• ---

  4. Adulteration of Food or Drink

• IPC Section 272 → Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale

  Punishment: Up to 6 months imprisonment, or fine up to ?1000, or both.

• BNS Section 280 → Adulteration of food or drink

  Same definition, but higher fine.
  Punishment: 6 months imprisonment, or fine up to ?10,000, or both.

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  5. Sale of Noxious Food or Drink

• IPC Section 273 → Sale of noxious food or drink

  Punishment: 6 months imprisonment, or fine up to ?1000, or both.

• BNS Section 281 → Sale of noxious food or drink

  Same.
  Punishment: 6 months imprisonment, or fine up to ?10,000, or both.

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  6. Adulteration of Drugs

• IPC Section 274 → Adulteration of drugs

  Punishment: 6 months imprisonment, or fine up to ?1000, or both.

• BNS Section 282 → Adulteration of drugs

  Same provision.
  Punishment: 6 months imprisonment, or fine up to ?10,000, or both.

• IPC Section 275 → Sale of adulterated drugs

  Punishment: 6 months imprisonment, or fine up to ?1000, or both.

• BNS Section 283 → Sale of adulterated drugs

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 6 months imprisonment, or fine up to ?10,000, or both.

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  8. Fouling Water of Public Spring or Reservoir

• IPC Section 277 → Fouling water

  Punishment: 3 months imprisonment, or fine ?500, or both.

• BNS Section 285 → Fouling water

  Same.
  Punishment: 3 months imprisonment, or fine up to ?2000, or both.

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  9. Making Atmosphere Noxious to Health

• IPC Section 278 → Making atmosphere noxious to health

  Punishment: Fine up to ?500.

• BNS Section 286 → Making atmosphere noxious

  Same provision.
  Punishment: Fine up to ?2000.

  ? Chapter 10 – Offences Relating to Animals & Property Damage

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  1. Killing or Maiming Animals

• IPC Section 428 → Mischief by killing/maiming animal worth ?10 or more

  Punishment: Up to 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 324 → Mischief by killing/maiming animal

  Same definition.
  Punishment: 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• ---

  2. Killing or Maiming Cattle, Elephants, etc.

• IPC Section 429 → Mischief by killing/maiming cattle, elephant, horse, mule, etc.

  Punishment: Up to 5 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 325 → Mischief by killing/maiming cattle, elephants, etc.

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 5 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• ---

  3. Trespass to Commit Offence (House Trespass)

• IPC Section 442 → House trespass

  Whoever enters into or remains in property with intent to commit offence.
  Punishment (IPC 448): Imprisonment up to 1 year, or fine up to ?1000, or both.

• BNS Section 331 → House trespass

  Same definition.
  Punishment: 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• ---

  4. Lurking House Trespass

• IPC Section 443–444 → Lurking house trespass by night

  Punishment (IPC 456): Imprisonment up to 3 years + fine.

• BNS Section 332 → Lurking house trespass

  Same.
  Punishment: 3 years imprisonment + fine.

• ---

  5. House Breaking

• IPC Section 445–446 → House breaking by night

  Punishment (IPC 457): Imprisonment up to 5 years + fine.

• BNS Section 333 → House breaking

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 5 years imprisonment + fine.

• ---

  6. Criminal Trespass on Burial Grounds (Already Covered in Religion Chapter)

• IPC Section 297 → Trespass in burial places, indignity to corpses.

• BNS Section 300 → Same.

• IPC Section 425 → Mischief

  Causing destruction/change of property with intent to cause wrongful loss.
  Punishment (IPC 426): Up to 3 months imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 322 → Mischief

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 3 months imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• ---

  8. Mischief by Fire or Explosives to House

• IPC Section 435 → Mischief by fire or explosive to cause damage to house

  Punishment: Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine.

• BNS Section 327 → Mischief by fire/explosives to house

  Same.
  Punishment: 7 years imprisonment + fine.

• ---

  9. Mischief by Fire or Explosives to Public Property

• IPC Section 436 → Mischief by fire/explosives to destroy house, place of worship, dwelling

  Punishment: Imprisonment for life, or up to 10 years + fine.

• BNS Section 328 → Mischief by fire/explosives to destroy public property

  Same definition.
  Punishment: Life imprisonment, or up to 10 years + fine.

  ? Chapter 11 – Offences Relating to Elections & Public Duty

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  1. Bribery at Elections

• IPC Section 171B → Bribery

  Giving or accepting gratification to induce someone to exercise electoral right.
  Punishment (IPC 171E): Imprisonment up to 1 year, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 169 → Bribery in elections

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• ---

  2. Undue Influence at Elections

• IPC Section 171C → Undue influence

  Voluntarily interfering with free exercise of electoral right.
  Punishment (IPC 171F): Imprisonment up to 1 year, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 170 → Undue influence

  Same definition.
  Punishment: 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• ---

  3. Personation at Elections

• IPC Section 171D → Personation at election

  Voting in someone else’s name, or more than once.
  Punishment (IPC 171F): Imprisonment up to 1 year, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 171 → Personation at election

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• ---

  4. False Statement in Connection with Election

• IPC Section 171G → False statement to affect election result

  Making/publishing false statements relating to candidate’s personal character/conduct.
  Punishment: Fine only.

• BNS Section 172 → False statement in election

  Same.
  Punishment: Fine only.

• 5. Illegal Payments in Connection with Elections

• IPC Section 171H → Illegal payments at elections

  Incurring expenses without authority of candidate.
  Punishment: Fine up to ?500.

• BNS Section 173 → Illegal payments at elections

  Same definition.
  Punishment: Fine up to ?500.

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  6. Failure to Keep Election Accounts

• IPC Section 171I → Failure to keep election accounts

  Candidate failing to keep accounts of election expenses.
  Punishment: Fine up to ?500.

• BNS Section 174 → Failure to keep election accounts

  Same.
  Punishment: Fine up to ?500.

  ? Chapter 12 – Defamation, Intimidation & Related Offences

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  1. Defamation

• IPC Section 499 → Defamation

  Whoever, by words (spoken/written), signs, or visible representations, makes or publishes any imputation concerning a person intending to harm reputation.
  Punishment (IPC 500): Up to 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 354 → Defamation

  Same definition with clarifications for online/electronic publication.
  Punishment: 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  2. Printing or Selling Defamatory Material

• IPC Section 501 → Printing/engraving defamatory matter

  Punishment: 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 355 → Printing/engraving defamatory matter

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  3. Sale of Printed Defamatory Material

• IPC Section 502 → Sale of printed/engraved defamatory matter

  Punishment: 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 356 → Sale of defamatory material

  Same.
  Punishment: 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  4. Criminal Intimidation

• IPC Section 503 → Criminal intimidation

  Threatening another with injury to person, reputation, or property, with intent to cause alarm.
  Punishment (IPC 506): Up to 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both (may extend to 7 years if threat to life/property).

• BNS Section 351 → Criminal intimidation

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both; up to 7 years in aggravated cases.

• 5. Sending Threatening Letters

• IPC Section 507 → Criminal intimidation by anonymous communication

  Punishment: Up to 2 years imprisonment, in addition to punishment for intimidation.

• BNS Section 352 → Criminal intimidation by anonymous communication

  Same.
  Punishment: 2 years imprisonment (extra).

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  6. Insult with Intent to Provoke Breach of Peace

• IPC Section 504 → Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace

  Punishment: Up to 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 353 → Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace

  Same provision.
  Punishment: 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

  ? Chapter 13 – Abetment, Criminal Conspiracy & Attempts

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  1. Abetment – Definition

• IPC Section 107 → Abetment of a thing

  A person abets an offence who:
  (i) instigates someone to do it, or
  (ii) engages in conspiracy to do it, or
  (iii) intentionally aids the act.

• BNS Section 56 → Abetment

  Same definition.

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  2. Abetment Punishment

• IPC Sections 108–117 → Abettor & punishment

  Abettor punished with same punishment as offence abetted (with exceptions).

• BNS Sections 57–64 → Abettor & punishment

  Same principle retained.

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  3. Abetment by Public Servant

• IPC Section 109 + 119 → Public servant concealing design to commit offence

  Punishment as per gravity of offence abetted.

• BNS Section 65–67 → Abetment by public servant

  Same provision.

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  4. Criminal Conspiracy

• IPC Section 120A → Criminal conspiracy

  When two or more persons agree to do an illegal act, or legal act by illegal means.

• BNS Section 61 → Criminal conspiracy

  Same wording.

• IPC Section 120B → Punishment of criminal conspiracy

  Same punishment as abetment of the offence.

• BNS Section 62 → Punishment for criminal conspiracy

  Same principle.

• IPC Section 511 → Punishment for attempting offences punishable with life imprisonment or other imprisonment

  Whoever attempts to commit an offence and does any act towards commission is punishable with up to half of maximum punishment for the offence.

• BNS Section 61 (read with General Part) → Attempt

  Explicitly recognizes attempt = half punishment of the offence attempted.

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  6. Concealing Design to Commit Offence

• IPC Section 118 → Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death/life

  Punishment: Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine.

• BNS Section 66 → Concealing design to commit offence

  Same provision.
  Punishment: 7 years imprisonment + fine.

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  7. Harbouring Offender

• IPC Section 212 → Harbouring offender

  Whoever harbours or conceals an offender with intent to prevent his apprehension.
  Punishment: Varies from 3 to 7 years depending on offence.

• BNS Section 237 → Harbouring offender

  Same definition.
  Punishment: 3 to 7 years imprisonment depending on case.

  ? Chapter 14 – Special Offences (Terrorism, Organized Crime & Cybercrime)

  ?? Note: These offences are new in BNS. They were not present in IPC. Earlier, they were dealt with under special laws (like UAPA, MCOCA, IT Act). Now, BNS directly includes them.

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  1. Terrorism

• IPC – ? Not Defined (covered separately under UAPA, 1967).

• BNS Section 111–113 → Terrorist acts

  A “terrorist act” includes:
  – Using explosives, firearms, biological/chemical/nuclear substances to threaten sovereignty or integrity of India.
  – Causing death, serious injury, or damage to essential infrastructure.
  – Acts intended to strike terror among people.
  Punishment:

  • If death caused → Death penalty or Life imprisonment + fine.

  • In other cases → 5 years to Life imprisonment + fine.

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  2. Organized Crime

• IPC – ? Not Defined (MCOCA and state laws earlier).

• BNS Section 109–110 → Organized crime

  Any continuing unlawful activity by a group of two or more persons, including kidnapping, extortion, contract killing, trafficking, cybercrime, etc., for material benefit.
  Punishment:

  • If death results → Death penalty or Life imprisonment + fine.

  • In other cases → 5 years to Life imprisonment + fine.

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  3. Petty Organized Crime

• IPC – ? Not Defined.

• BNS Section 110(2) → Petty organized crime

  Small gangs involved in theft, snatching, cheating, illicit liquor, gambling, betting, cyber scams, etc.
  Punishment: Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine.

• IPC – ? Not Defined (covered partly under IT Act, 2000).

• BNS Section 111(3), 115, 116 → Cyber offences

  Includes:

  • Identity theft, impersonation, fraudulent electronic communication.

  • Publishing/transmitting obscene or sexually explicit content online.

  • Cyber fraud, phishing, ransomware, etc.
    Punishment: Up to 3 years to Life imprisonment, depending on severity.

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  5. Acts Endangering Sovereignty, Unity & Integrity of India

• IPC Section 124A → Sedition (?? repealed).

• BNS Section 150–152 → Acts endangering sovereignty, unity & integrity of India

  Covers acts similar to sedition but more focused on terrorist/anti-national activities.
  Punishment: Life imprisonment, or up to 7 years + fine.

  ? Chapter 15 – Offences Against Property

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  1. Theft

• IPC Section 378 → Theft

  Whoever dishonestly takes movable property out of possession of any person without consent.
  Punishment (IPC 379): Up to 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 303 → Theft

  Same definition.
  Punishment: 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  2. Theft in Dwelling House

• IPC Section 380 → Theft in dwelling house, etc.

  Punishment: Up to 7 years + fine.

• BNS Section 304 → Theft in dwelling house

  Same provision.
  Punishment: 7 years + fine.

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  3. Theft by Clerk or Servant

• IPC Section 381 → Theft by clerk/servant of property in possession of master

  Punishment: Up to 7 years + fine.

• BNS Section 305 → Theft by clerk or servant

  Same.
  Punishment: 7 years + fine.

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  4. Extortion

• IPC Section 383 → Extortion

  Putting any person in fear of injury and dishonestly inducing delivery of property.
  Punishment (IPC 384): Up to 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 308 → Extortion

  Same definition.
  Punishment: 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  5. Robbery

• IPC Section 390 → Robbery

  Theft or extortion when offender voluntarily causes or attempts to cause death, hurt, or wrongful restraint.
  Punishment (IPC 392): Up to 10 years imprisonment + fine.

• BNS Section 309 → Robbery

  Same.
  Punishment: 10 years imprisonment + fine.

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  6. Dacoity

• IPC Section 391 → Dacoity

  When 5 or more persons conjointly commit or attempt to commit robbery.
  Punishment (IPC 395): Imprisonment for life, or up to 10 years + fine.

• BNS Section 310 → Dacoity

  Same wording.
  Punishment: Life imprisonment, or 10 years + fine.

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  7. Criminal Breach of Trust

• IPC Section 405 → Criminal breach of trust

  Whoever, being entrusted with property, dishonestly misappropriates it.
  Punishment (IPC 406): Up to 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 316 → Criminal breach of trust

  Same provision.
  Punishment: 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• IPC Section 409 → Criminal breach of trust by public servant/banker

  Punishment: Life imprisonment, or up to 10 years + fine.

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  8. Cheating

• IPC Section 415 → Cheating

  Deceiving a person fraudulently/dishonestly to deliver property.
  Punishment (IPC 417): Up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 318 → Cheating

  Same.
  Punishment: 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• IPC Section 420 → Cheating & dishonestly inducing delivery of property

  Punishment: Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine.

• BNS Section 319 → Cheating & dishonestly inducing delivery

  Same.
  Punishment: 7 years imprisonment + fine.

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  9. Dishonest Misappropriation of Property

• IPC Section 403 → Dishonest misappropriation of property

  Punishment: Up to 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 315 → Dishonest misappropriation

  Same.
  Punishment: 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

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  10. Receiving Stolen Property

• IPC Section 411 → Dishonestly receiving stolen property

  Punishment: Up to 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

• BNS Section 321 → Receiving stolen property

  Same wording.
  Punishment: 3 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.

•  

• BNS Section 317 → Criminal breach of trust by public servant, banker, etc.

  Same wording.
  Punishment: Life imprisonment, or up to 10 years + fine.

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  4. Cybercrime & Identity Theft

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  5. Attempt to Commit Offence

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  7. Mischief (Property Damage in General)

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  7. Sale of Adulterated Drugs

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